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Mario Salvadori
Mario G. Salvadori (March 19, 1907 – June 25, 1997)〔Goldberger, Paul (June 28, 1997). ("Mario G. Salvadori, Engineer And Inner-City Teacher, 90" ). ''The New York Times''.〕 was a structural engineer and professor of both civil engineering and architecture at Columbia University.
==Early life==
Salvadori was born in Rome, Italy in 1907. His father, Riccardo, an engineer who worked for the telephone company, became the chief engineer of the city of Genoa when the phone company merged with their French counterpart. Salvadori's father later became the head of the gas and electric company in Spain. His mother, Ermelinda Alatri, belonged to a rich Jewish family. Following father's activities, Salvadori spent many years of his youth in Madrid and only returned to Italy in 1923. Two years later, when he was 18, he started what the first student jazz band in Italy; one of his youthful dreams was to become a concert conductor, although his parents did not encourage this.〔 He was also a skillful mountain climber and he found several new climbing routes on Dolomites.〔Salvadori, Mario. "Addio alle crode"; Editor I. Zandonella Callegher; CDA & VIVALDA (2004) (ISBN 8874800487)〕
He earned doctoral degrees in both civil engineering and mathematics from the University of Rome in 1930 and 1933 respectively. Then he served as an instructor at Engineering department of the University of Rome and as consultant for Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo (INAC), directed by Mauro Picone, his mathematics teacher. Thanks to a grant, he went to London and in the next two years he did graduate research in photoelasticity at University College London. Here he was in contact with Jews escaping from Nazi persecutions. Subsequently, when he returned to Rome, Salvadori was an convinced critic of the regime of Benito Mussolini,〔 and he was aware of the risks for his mother's family. In 1939, when Mussolini promulgated the Italian Racial Laws, Salvadori left Italy,〔 with his wife, who was also Jewish. At the same time he tried, with poor results, to convince his relatives to follow his example.
It was difficult to leave Italy, but in late 1938 he had received a grant to study the first television experiments in the United States – his teacher and friend Enrico Fermi was an influential member of the examining commission. The grant allowed Salvadori and his wife to get a six months visa. While in the U.S., Salvadori stored some goods in a safe deposit box, and left the key with Raymond D. Mindlin who he had met in New York a few months before, after a conference about the activities of Picone's institute.〔Salvadori, M.G. "Activities of the Istituto Nazionale per le Applicazioni del Calcolo", 5th International Congress of Applied Mechanics, New York (1938)ne〕 When he returned to Italy, he saw that there was no hope for a positive change in the political environment. The University of Rome and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) stripped him of his positions. After this, he and his wife left Italy for good, using the same visa. On the same day he arrived in New York, the CNR restored him as a consultant to INAC, thanks to the influence of Picone.〔Salvadori, Mario G. ''A tangential life", unpublished autobiography. Large parts of this text wiith other documents are reported in ( ''Mario Salvadori e Mauro Picone'' ), edited by A. Celli, M. Mattaliano and P. Nastasi, published in Italian by CNR Edizioni, Roma (2013)〕
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